A 20 years old male presents with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting of one day duration. On examination, his blood pressure is 106/67 mmHg, and he has a heart rate of 123 bpm and a respiratory rate of 32 bpm. His temperature is 98.8°F (37.1°C). Further assessment reveals Kussmaul’s breathing with acetone odor and mild generalized abdominal tenderness without guarding and rebound tenderness. What are the most important differential diagnoses?

Of the relevant differential diagnoses, it is important to rule out hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic state (type II diabetes) and lactic acidosis.

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This post was written by Omar Rifai