A 56 years old man presents with headache, fever, blurred vision, and somnolence followed shortly by unresponsiveness to verbal commands. For the last 2 weeks he had been feeling ill, and had prior to presentation he experienced intermittent confusion, severe headache, and fever. Examination was limited by a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, for which he received lorazepam. What are the most important differential diagnoses?

Of the relevant differential diagnoses, it is important to rule out meningitis, toxic or metabolic encephalopathy and malignant hypertension.

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This post was written by Omar Rifai