Diphtheria – What are the signs and symptoms, relevant dDx., sequelae, work up, and treatment options?

January 5, 2021 5:35 am Published by

Diphtheria is a rare, potentially lethal upper respiratory tract infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Sn. & Sx.:

  • Fever
  • Upper respiratory tract infection 
  • Grey adherent pseudomembrane in pharynx
  • Sore throat
  • Croupy cough
  • Dyspnea
  • Dysphagia
  • Aphonia
  • Stridor
  • Swelling of the neck

dDx.:

  • Viral pharyngitis
  • Mononucleosis
  • Candidiasis
  • Acute epiglottitis

Sequelae:

  • Respiratory distress, failure
  • Upper airway obstruction
  • Peripheral nerve palsies
  • Tachycardia, arrhythmia
  • Myocarditis
  • Heart failure

Work up:

  • Gram Stain and culture of throat membrane

Tx.:

  • Immediate referral to ER

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This post was written by Omar Rifai