What are the four most common orthopedic presentations of the spinal column and the major tests used to evaluate them?

Cervical pain

• Cervical compression test
• Cervical distraction test
• Shoulder depression test
• Spurling’s (foraminal compression) test
• Soto-Hall test
• Brudzinski-Kernig’s test

Thoracic outlet syndrome

• Adson’s maneuver
• East’s (Roos’) test
• Wright’s (hyperabduction) test

Low back pain and sciatica

• Lidner’s test
• Milgram’s test
• Minor’s sign
• Kemp’s test
• Braggards test
• Straight leg raise

Postural abnormalities

• Adam’s sign

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This post was written by Omar Rifai