What are the three most common orthopedic presentations of the knee and the major tests used to evaluate them?

Ligament injury

• Anterior drawer test (ALC)
• Lachman’s test (ACL)
• Posterior drawer test (PCL)
• Apley’s distraction test
• Varus (lateral) stress test (LCL)
• Valgus (medial) stress test (MCL)

Meniscus injury

• Apley’s compression test
• Bounce home test
• McMurray’s test
• Reduction click

Patellar pathology

• Clark’s sigh (patellar grind test)
• Patellar grind test

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This post was written by Omar Rifai